Prepositions after verbs

Engender by, in, among, between or to

Engender usually takes a direct object without a preposition. Some prepositions can appear after the object depending on the meaning.

Quick answer

How is engender used?

Engender normally means cause or produce and is usually followed directly by a noun: engender trust, engender conflict. Phrases such as engender in, engender among, engender between, and engender to are used only in specific sentence structures after the object.

The policy may engender trust among voters.
The remarks engendered anger in the audience.
Competition can engender conflict between teams.
The campaign engendered support among young people.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
engender + noun

Causing a feeling or situation

The basic pattern is engender followed directly by the result it causes.

The speech engendered hope across the country.
Poor communication can engender confusion.
2
engender + noun + in + group

Creating something inside a person or group

Use in after the object to show where the feeling or quality appears.

The experience engendered confidence in the trainees.
The scandal engendered distrust in many citizens.
3
engender + noun + among + people

Creating something within a group

Among is used for effects spread through a group of people.

The reforms engendered optimism among investors.
The decision engendered resentment among staff members.
4
engender + noun + between + groups

Causing a relationship or condition between sides

Between is used for relationships involving two or more parties seen separately.

The dispute engendered tension between the neighbours.
The project engendered cooperation between the departments.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
engender by
Trust was engendered by consistent leadership.
By introduces the cause in a passive structure, not a standard fixed combination after engender.
engender in
The programme engendered pride in employees.
in shows where the feeling developed
engender among
The announcement engendered excitement among fans.
among identifies the affected group
engender between
The talks engendered trust between the partners.
between refers to a relationship involving separate sides
engender to
This combination is not standard after engender.
Use a direct object instead, such as engender trust.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding an unnecessary preposition after engender

Engender usually takes a direct object.

✕ The policy engendered to trust. ✓ The policy engendered trust.

Confusing passive by with a fixed pattern

By can follow engender in passive sentences, but not as a normal active combination.

✕ Leaders engender by confidence. ✓ Leaders engender confidence.

Using between for a large undefined group

Use among for broad groups and between for distinct sides.

✕ The speech engendered unity between the audience. ✓ The speech engendered unity among the audience.

Omitting the caused result

Engender needs a noun expressing what is caused.

✓ The decision engendered uncertainty.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The campaign engendered excitement ___ voters.
2. The crisis engendered mistrust ___ the two companies.
3. The reforms may engender confidence ___ employees.

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Frequently asked questions

Does engender normally need a preposition?

No. It usually takes a direct object, such as engender trust or engender fear.

Can by follow engender?

Yes, in passive structures such as Trust was engendered by years of cooperation.

Is engender formal?

Yes. It is more common in formal, academic, and professional writing.

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