Prepositions after verbs

Enforce by or enforce in

Enforce usually takes a direct object. By and in can appear near the verb, but they have different grammatical roles.

Quick answer

How enforce combines with prepositions

Use enforce something for the basic pattern: enforce a law, enforce a rule. By is common when explaining the method or in passive structures such as enforced by police. In usually introduces a place and is not a fixed combination with enforce.

The agency enforced the regulation.
The ban was enforced by local authorities.
The rule is strictly enforced in schools.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
enforce + rule/law

Applying rules or laws

Enforce normally takes a direct object without a preposition.

The city enforced new parking rules.
Officials must enforce the agreement.
2
enforced by + authority/method

Showing who or what applies the rule

By introduces the enforcing agent or method.

The policy is enforced by federal agencies.
The restriction was enforced by heavy fines.
3
enforced in + place/context

Giving location or context

In usually tells where enforcement happens rather than forming a fixed verb-preposition pattern.

The law is enforced in all public buildings.
Dress codes are strictly enforced in this school.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
enforce + object
They enforce safety standards.
the standard active pattern
enforced by
The rule is enforced by inspectors.
shows the enforcing authority
enforced by + method
The curfew was enforced by regular patrols.
shows the means of enforcement
enforced in
The policy is enforced in hospitals.
in introduces the place or context of enforcement

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding a preposition after enforce unnecessarily

Enforce usually takes a direct object.

✕ They enforced on the policy. ✓ They enforced the policy.

Confusing by and in

By shows the agent or method; in shows location.

✕ The law was enforced in the police. ✓ The law was enforced by the police.

Using enforce by in active voice incorrectly

By normally appears in passive structures or method phrases.

✕ They enforced by strict inspections the rule. ✓ They enforced the rule by strict inspections.

Treating enforce in as a fixed collocation

In often functions as a place adjunct.

✓ The rule is enforced in airports.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The regulation was enforced ___ customs officers.
2. Schools enforce ___ attendance policy strictly.
3. The ban is enforced ___ several countries.

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Frequently asked questions

Does enforce need a preposition?

Usually no. Enforce is commonly followed directly by a noun phrase.

When do we use enforced by?

Use it in passive sentences or when describing the method of enforcement.

Is enforce in correct?

Yes, when in introduces a place or context, not as a fixed verb-preposition combination.

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