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Prepositions with flourishing

Flourishing in or under?

Flourishing is commonly followed by in for an area of success or under for conditions or leadership. Of and as usually belong to different sentence structures.

Quick answer

Which prepositions are used with flourishing?

Use flourishing in to describe success in a place, field, or activity: flourishing in business. Use flourishing under to describe success during a period or under leadership: flourishing under the new manager. Flourishing of is usually part of a noun phrase such as the flourishing of trade, not an adjective pattern. Flourishing as is uncommon as a fixed pattern and usually introduces a role: flourishing as an artist.

The company is flourishing in international markets.
The school is flourishing under its new principal.
We discussed the flourishing of local tourism.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
flourishing in + field/place

Success in an activity, area, or environment

Use in to show where success or growth is happening.

Small businesses are flourishing in the region.
She is flourishing in her new career.
2
flourishing under + conditions/leadership

Success during a period or under guidance

Use under for leadership, systems, or circumstances connected with growth.

The team is flourishing under experienced coaches.
The arts sector was flourishing under the new policy.
3
the flourishing of + noun

Growth or expansion as a noun phrase

Here flourishing is a noun, not an adjective. Of introduces the thing that is growing.

Historians studied the flourishing of trade routes.
The report described the flourishing of digital services.
4
flourishing as + role

Development in a particular role or identity

As can introduce a role, but it is not a common fixed adjective pattern with flourishing.

She is flourishing as a designer.
The town is flourishing as a tourist destination.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
flourishing in
The company is flourishing in Asia.
successful or growing in a place, field, or activity
flourishing under
The programme is flourishing under new leadership.
successful during a period or under someone's guidance
the flourishing of
The flourishing of online education changed the market.
growth or expansion used as a noun phrase
flourishing as
He is flourishing as a writer.
doing well in a role or identity

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using of after adjective flourishing

Flourishing of is usually not an adjective pattern. Use in or change the structure to a noun phrase.

✕ The company is flourishing of new demand. ✓ The company is flourishing because of new demand.

Confusing in and under

In shows the area of success; under shows leadership or conditions.

✕ The team is flourishing in the new coach. ✓ The team is flourishing under the new coach.

Using as for ordinary fields of activity

As is mainly for roles or identities, not general areas.

✕ She is flourishing as marketing. ✓ She is flourishing in marketing.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The business is flourishing ___ international markets.
2. The school is flourishing ___ its new director.
3. Researchers studied the flourishing ___ local crafts.

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Frequently asked questions

Is flourishing of correct?

It is correct mainly in noun phrases such as the flourishing of trade. It is not usually used directly after the adjective flourishing.

Can I say flourishing in business?

Yes. Flourishing in is the normal pattern for success in a field, activity, or place.

When do we use flourishing under?

Use flourishing under to describe success during a period of leadership, management, or particular conditions.

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