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Preposition after adjective

Endemic to or endemic in?

Endemic to is the standard pattern for something native or restricted to a place. Endemic in is also used, especially for diseases occurring regularly within an area.

Quick answer

Which preposition follows endemic?

Use endemic to for species, conditions, or features strongly associated with a particular place. Use endemic in mainly for diseases or recurring conditions within a region.

This bird is endemic to the island.
Malaria remains endemic in several regions.
The plant is endemic to southern Chile.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
endemic to + place

Showing that something belongs naturally to a place

To is the standard choice for species, cultural features, and conditions limited to a region.

The flower is endemic to the valley.
The tradition is endemic to the area.
2
endemic in + region

Describing diseases or ongoing conditions within an area

In is common with diseases that regularly exist in a population or place.

Yellow fever is endemic in parts of the tropics.
3
endemic among + group

Referring to prevalence within a population

Among can describe something widespread within a social or biological group.

The problem is endemic among displaced communities.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
endemic to
The species is endemic to Madagascar.
native or restricted to a particular place
endemic in
The disease is endemic in the region.
regularly found within an area
endemic among
Corruption became endemic among officials.
widespread within a group
native to
These trees are native to Australia.
originating naturally in a place

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using endemic in for unique species

To is usually preferred for plants, animals, and features native to one place.

✕ The bird is endemic in the island. ✓ The bird is endemic to the island.

Confusing endemic with epidemic

Endemic means regularly present in an area, not spreading suddenly.

✕ The illness became epidemic to the region. ✓ The illness became endemic in the region.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. This animal is endemic ___ New Zealand.
2. The virus is endemic ___ several coastal areas.
3. The issue became endemic ___ the organisation.

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Frequently asked questions

Is endemic to correct?

Yes. It is the standard pattern for things native or limited to a place.

When do we use endemic in?

It is commonly used for diseases or conditions regularly occurring within a region.

Can endemic describe social problems?

Yes. It can describe problems that are widespread and persistent within a group or system.

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