How To Use Otides In A Sentence
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Since guanosine is not converted to adenine nucleotides in flies, guanosine must somehow act indirectly, perhaps through a mechanism for balancing nucleotide pools.
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Other sugar nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate acetylglucosamine and guanosine diphosphate mannose were also isolated.
Luis Leloir - Biography
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“A polynucleotide system based on a ribozyme polymerase able sequentially to add the correct nucleotides and thus copy itself might work.”
Good Math, Bad Math, and David Berlinkski - The Panda's Thumb
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There are four types of nucleotides in DNA, each containing one of four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine.
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Yale graduate student Bob Kemp determined the fates of reduced pyridine nucleotides, NAPDH and NADH in Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation and growth using 1-T glucose, 1-T 2 deoxy-glucose and 3-T glucose.
Irwin Rose - Autobiography
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The high rate of evolution in ancestral repeats may be due partly to higher levels of hypermutable CpG dinucleotides.
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A competitive pathway also converts 6-MP to its cytotoxic 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGNs) that are associated with bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).
Clinical studies: IBD treatment safety
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Researchers demonstrate efficacy of antisense therapy for spinal muscular atrophy disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) might soon be treated with tiny, chemically modified pieces of RNA called antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).
WN.com - Articles related to Length of biological marker linked to cancer
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On single-stranded oligonucleotides, all the guanines are oxidized to the same extent.
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Li S, Waters R (1996) Nucleotide level detection of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers using oligonucleotides and magnetic beads to facilitate labelling of DNA fragments incised at the dimers and chemical sequencing reference ladders.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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Glutamine is an energy source for enterocytes of the small intestine, helps form nicotinamide for energy transfers and glucosamine for connective tissue, and contributes to purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
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DNA chips are highly miniaturized devices containing an orderly, matrix-like arrangement of synthesized oligonucleotides or pure DNA fragments.
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In apoptosis, DNA is degraded into oligonucleotides with a few hundreds of basepairs that subsequently diffuse out of the nucleus.
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Like other flaviviruses, West Nile virus is a small, single stranded, positive sense RNA virus comprising about 11 000 nucleotides wrapped in a nucleocapsid and surrounded by a lipid membrane.
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She had used the base pairs of the DNA --- combinations of pairs of four nucleotides called adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thy mine -- to encode her message.
Delta Search
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The grassland-associated birds include the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), lesser florican (Sypheotides indica), sarus crane (Grus antigone), and large grass warbler (Graminicola bengalensis).
Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
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Also present in the nucleoplasm are proteins known as polymerases, which pluck nucleotides from the soup as needed when copying DNA.
The Speculist: Better All The Time #22
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In vitro studies on novel DNA structures have mainly involved synthetic oligonucleotides based on naturally occurring sequences.
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Purine salvage pathway allows interconversion of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
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We have been examining the potential use of oligonucleotides to direct nucleotide exchanges in episomal and chromosomal genes.
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Nucleic acids are also polymers, composed of repeating units called nucleotides.
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Root nodules are able to take nitrogen from the air to form ammonia, which is used by plants to synthesize amino acids, nucleotides and other cellular components.
Sharon R. Long: Science under the Obama Administration
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In each mutagenesis reaction, the functionality of the resistance genes is reversed using a pair of "on/ off" oligonucleotides.
The Scientist
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To facilitate ascription to previously defined ribotypes in the genus, the diagnostic nucleotides based on Fuertes Aguilar and Nieto Feliner are given at the end of the table
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All three enzymes showed a marked preference for adenine over guanine nucleotides.
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Two triplex amplification systems were designed for the tetranucleotides.
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The genetic code refers to the sequence of nucleotides (such as adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, or A, C, T and G) that serve as the instructions for making amino acids, the building blocks of life.
Scientific American
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By creating analogs of nucleotides, she and her research group made drugs that treat acute leukemia and kidney plant rejection.
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By creating analogs of nucleotides, she and her research group made drugs that treat acute leukemia and kidney plant rejection.
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Processivity is defined as the number of deoxyribonucleotides incorporated each time a DNA polymerase binds its template-primer.
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A primer is annealed upstream of the divergent site and extended one base at a time, with the number of nucleotides incorporated at each position proportional to the number of transcripts in the sample.
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In addition, polymerases generally prefer unmodified nucleotides to modified ones, thus creating a probe that is only lightly labeled.
The Scientist
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Liposomal formulations of genetic drugs such as antisense oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA are difficult to achieve.
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Knocking out XIAP with siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides restores chemosensitivity to a variety of malignant cell lines
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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The purity of the double-stranded oligonucleotides was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Dawkins' evolutionary model relies on random mutations in single nucleotides during DNA replication, totally unguided, followed by selection of the fittest by the environment.
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The unzipping direction (order of nucleotides unzipped) was controlled by the selection of oligonucleotides.
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The building block cost for mRNA includes the nucleotides for an untranslated region and a polyA tail with empirically observed lengths.
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DNA was digested to mononucleotides with micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase at 37°C for 3.5 h.
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We were able to identify a possible template for the inserted nucleotides in nearby sequences.
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These studies demonstrate that pre-existing cytosine methylation on oligonucleotides…
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Nucleotides diagnostic for the P1 and P7 haplotypes are in black and gray boxes, respectively.
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The oligonucleotides were annealed by heating the solution of self-complementary oligonucleotides to 94°C using a heat block, and then cooling it to 30°C over the course of 2 h. Annealed DNA was stored at - 80°C until use.
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Nucleotides corresponding to the anticodon are boxed.
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I can determine the rate/frequency with which nucleotides "denature" under a range of conditions that are not biologically relevant.
A Genomic Balancing Act
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A dart (>) marks the last nucleotide for each gene and indicates the direction of transcription; nucleotides participating in termination codons of protein-coding genes are underscored with carets.
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The subunits are built from rRNA-molecules, constructed from nucleotides, and proteins, made from amino acids.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Illustrated Presentation
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It is therefore noteworthy that nucleosides and nucleotides can generate singlet oxygen when directly excited by UV light and thus have the potential for self-sensitized oxidative degradation.
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Monera morphology mutagen mutations natural selection neurotransmitter nitrogen fixing nitrogenous wastes nucleic acids nucleotides nucleus omnivore opposable thumb order organ organelles organic compounds organic molecules
21. Life Sciences
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D. Sutherland, Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically plausible conditions, Nature 459, 239 (2009). doi: 10.1038/nature08013.
Convincing Evidence for God
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Intermolecular tetrameric complexes are usually only formed by short oligonucleotides that contain single tracts of contiguous guanines.
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The nucleotides found in cells are derivatives of the heterocyclic highly basic, compounds, purine and pyrimidine.
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Purine salvage pathway allows interconversion of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
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This problem would be enhanced using arrays composed of long oligonucleotides since only RNAs whose protected regions overlap with the oligo sequence would be identified.
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These oligonucleotides were attached to Dynal magnetic beads coated with streptavidin according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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The chemical and biological effects of UV radiation on purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides have been the subject of many studies.
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As shown in Fig. 3, both oligonucleotides were able to bind F9 proteins and to produce retarded complexes.
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However, all the advances of ribozymology notwithstanding, the prospects of a bona fide ribozyme replicase remain dim as the ribozymes designed for that purposes are capable, at best, of the addition of ~10 nucleotides to a oligonucleotide primer, at a very slow rate and with fidelity at least an order magnitude below that required for the replication of relatively long RNA molecules [28,29].
Again, there is absolutely no teleology involved
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Spiller DG, Giles RV, Grzybowski J, Tidd DM, Clark RE (1998) Improving the intracellular delivery and molecular efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: a comparison of streptolysin-O permeabilization, electroporation, and lipophilic conjugation.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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First, two non-complementary strands of phosphate backbone modified oligonucleotides (PM oligo-DNA) were loaded on the surface of the 15 and 25 nm Au nanoparticles, respectively.
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The statement that functional polynucleotides (nucleic acids) can spontaneously form is equivalent to the statement that the ink and paper of a printed page can organize themselves into a meaningful text.
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As a replicase, Pol is highly sensitive to template defects and misinserts nucleotides only extremely rarely.
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There is no aim in the actual replication of the particular sequences of nucleotides, with the possible exception of replication itself, that is, of life, The aim or goal of life is that of continuing itself.
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The situation of recurrent mutation is especially likely for a C / T polymorphism at the hypermutable CpG dinucleotides.
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This package contains a number of substitution models for nucleotides and RNA base pairs.
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The transcription of the operon is coordinately repressed in the presence of excess pyrimidine nucleotides.
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The nitrogen-containing bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; these names are used to identify the nucleotides.
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For single bulges in RNA oligonucleotides, the conformation usually depends on the nature of the flanking base pairs.
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The synthesis of nucleotides from the purine bases and purine nucleosides takes place in a series of steps known as the salvage pathways.
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Asterisks show nucleotides identical in the seven sequences and boldface type indicates the most common nucleotide in each position.
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Furthermore, although Powner and colleagues 'synthetic sequence yields the pyrimidine ribonucleotides, it cannot explain how purine ribonucleotides (which incorporate guanine and adenine) might have formed.
Convincing Evidence for God
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Nucleotides consist of a sugar molecule, like ribose or deoxyribose, joined to a base at one end and a phosphate group at the other.
Archive 2009-06-01
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The unmodified polynucleotides may be DNA, RNA or synthesized oligonucleotides.
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Euphotides, sometimes pure and covered with jasper, sometimes mixed with amphibole, hyperstein and grey limestone; (d) Pyroxenic porphyries with amygdaloides and zirconian syenites.
Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America
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It has been reported that lanthanides are able to bind to DNA, RNA and nucleotides in vitro.
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Only a few studies have been published on DNA or other polynucleotides in reverse micelles.
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It has been reported that lanthanides are able to bind to DNA, RNA and nucleotides in vitro.
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The platinated oligonucleotides were repurified by ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography.
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This problem would be enhanced using arrays composed of long oligonucleotides since only RNAs whose protected regions overlap with the oligo sequence would be identified.
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The latter is conjugated to primer oligonucleotides that are pre-annealed to a complementary circular oligonucleotide.
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H. pylori has 46 genes that contain homopolymeric runs of nucleotides or dinucleotide repeats that are prone to frequent length changes as a consequence of stuttering errors during replication.
Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium - Recent changes [en]
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Studies performed on cultured mammalian cell lines demonstrate that most of the cell fluorescence arises from reduced pyridine nucleotides, flavins, and lipofuscin.
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The latter is generally restricted to oligonucleotides but offers higher specificity.
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Orn was shown by in vitro analysis to be an exonuclease specific for RNA molecules shorter than five nucleotides in length.
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This strategy is based on the attachment of some cytidine nucleotides to nascent cDNA first strands by reverse transcriptase.
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Second, ribonucleiotides can be polymerized by chemical reaction catalyzed by things other than proteins.
Stephen Meyer's Bogus Information Theory - The Panda's Thumb
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It is the chemical basicity of the nucleotides that has given them the common term ‘bases’ as they are associated with nucleotides present in DNA and RNA.
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In the case of simian virus 40, mutational analysis showed that the consecutive thymine nucleotides play an essential role in replication initiation.
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Genes were amplified from genomic yeast DNA using specific oligonucleotides and the polymerase chain reaction.
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In order to permutate the data we randomly reordered columns of stem nucleotides while maintaining the set of parentheses indicating the secondary structure.
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In a range-finding study, pentostatin was directed intrathecally to nucleotides at methods of 0, 0.
Wii-volution
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Instead I've ended up working 10-11ish hour days trying to play catch up to get the World's Most Uncooperative Plasmid to ligate my oligonucleotides and getting the yeast ready to do the shuffle.
Archive 2008-05-01
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The 3' untranslated trailer sequence is 937 nucleotides long and no poly A tail is present indicating internal priming during cDNA synthesis.
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Lactose only, lactose free, added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP), reduced risk of allergy to milk proteins and nutrition linked to nucleotides, taurine and oligosaccharides will be the only claims allowed.
New Labeling Rules Proposed in the UK
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In effect, the DNA blueprint is a succession of code words, each consisting of a set of three nucleotides, known as codons, in the gene.
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Mismatched and unpaired bases arise during replication by misincorporation of nucleotides and strand slippage, respectively.
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Furthermore, although Powner and colleagues 'synthetic sequence yields the pyrimidine ribonucleotides, it cannot explain how purine ribonucleotides (which incorporate guanine and adenine) might have formed.
Convincing Evidence for God
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Nucleotides that are mismatched with the original sequences are italicized.
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Two other ways of recoding the data were cited: eliminating third codon positions and recoding nucleotides as purines and pyrimidines.
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Cellular flavins and flavin adenine dinucleotides and mononucleotides exist mostly as cofactors for enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions.
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However, because the untranslated sequences of the importin 1 and 2 transgenes differ by only 7 nucleotides, it is unlikely that they are differentially translated.
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Nucleotides may be depicted as positions on a hypercube, represented by a cube within a cube.
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DNA, which is the genetic material of chromosomes, consists of two complementary polynucleotides coiled into a double helix.
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the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
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The infrared spectra of the cation-DNA complexes were recorded after incubation of the mixtures of polynucleotides and cation solutions for 2 h.
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The unmodified polynucleotides may be DNA, RNA or synthesized oligonucleotides.
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The incorporated nucleotides form an oligomer with digoxygenin or fluorescein.
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These enzymes excise mismatched or modified bases out of the sugar-phosphate backbone and replace them with complementary, unmodified nucleotides.
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The interaction of the cationic liposomes with the polynucleotides leads to the formation of multilamellar liposomes ranging in size from 70 to 120 nm, only slightly bigger than the parent LUVs from which they originated.
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The proper orientation and the sequence of the cloned oligonucleotides were checked by nucleotide sequencing.
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These masks define exposure sites on the chip's surface, where a light-directed synthesis process constructs the oligonucleotides combinatorially.
The Scientist
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These materials are made up of specific monomers including saccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides, respectively.
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In the first, DNA is spotted onto a glass slide; in the second, oligonucleotides of 15-30 nucleic acid base pairs are synthesised on to a silica slide by a process known as photolithography.
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Probes are typically fairly short sequences of DNA nucleotides, called oligonucleotides, made synthetically.