How To Use Fermion In A Sentence
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Supersymmetric theories are good places to look for exotic matter in the form of fermionic superpartners of bosonic particles that carry forces.
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The discoveries described in Science also would apply to clocks using atoms known as bosons, which, unlike fermions, can exist in the same place and energy state at the same time.
Undefined
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P. P.arle was the first to propose [P.arle, 1990] a relativistic generalization of CSL to a quantum field theory describing a fermion field coupled to a meson scalar field enriched with the introduction of stochastic and nonlinear terms.
Collapse Theories
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The mass scale characterizing each Kaluza-Klein tower can be chosen independently for each species of scalar, fermion, or gauge boson.
Aether Compactification
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But if supersymmetry were unbroken, fermions and bosons would be exactly matched in the Universe, and that's not the way things are.

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Assuming that the parity operator is hermitian, meaning it is observable, means that its eigenvalues can only be real, meaning there are only two possibilities: 1 or -1. (squareroot of 1 is either 1 or -1). which leads to the conclusion that in this simplified case of two particles in one dimension there are two types of wavefunctions, one we will call bosons and the other fermions.
Thanksgiving
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Below this mass, these dense, compact objects are supported against further gravitational collapse by fermion-degeneracy pressure.
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In 2003 the last five of these groups produced ultracold molecules by causing pairs of fermionic atoms to associate with one another at a Feshbach resonance.
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The biggest problem with bosonic string theory (aside from the lack of fermions) is that the lowest energy state was a tachyon, or a particle mode with negative mass squared.
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Assuming that this is no error, then the term "fermion" is ambiguous between elementary particle and composite particle.
Walter Kohn and Density-Functional Theory
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Well, what we find experimentally is that the quasiparticles are almost always fermions or bosons.
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One of the reasons particle and string physicists have liked supersymmetric theories is that they predict zero total vacuum energy, because the fermion and boson vacuum energies cancel each other out.
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So a Higgs field that couples to the fermion field f and its conjugate f-bar according to an interaction term in the Lagrangian ~ f-barHf, will carry the Higgs divergence as well.
First Collisions for the LHC | Universe Today
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The phase here is between a heavy fermion and light fermions in an anti-ferromagnetic state.
Searching for Life in the Multiverse | Universe Today
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Various "supersymmetric" theories (including superstring theory) do combine fermions and bosons as well—but only with a detailed mathematical underpinning that E8 does not provide.
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It think these internal fermion degrees of freedom behave as Landau electrons around a quantum critical point.
Einstein Still Rules, Says Fermi Telescope Team | Universe Today
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Well, what we find experimentally is that the quasiparticles are almost always fermions or bosons.
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We can quantify them without significantly affecting the fermions and isospin quantum numbers.
365 tomorrows » 2009 » April : A New Free Flash Fiction SciFi Story Every Day
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Higgsinos and gauginos are the names of the fermionic superpartners of the Higgs scalars and gauge bosons respectively.
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Novel materials, such as those with heavy fermions that exhibit antiferromagnetic responses, often have electronic properties that cannot be explained by current physics textbooks.
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One point which Wen is particularly excited about is that fermions can appear as quasiparticles in local bosonic lattice systems.
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But if supersymmetry were unbroken, fermions and bosons would be exactly matched in the Universe, and that's not the way things are.
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In quantum physics, all elementary particles such as quarks, electrons and gluons are classified as either fermions or bosons, depending on their spin.
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In spite of having painstakingly developed the standard model of real fermionic and bosonic matter, they were ready to accept the existence of a third kind of matter i.e. dark matter, in order to account for the unusual behavior of gravity, while all the time having known that they could not unite gravity into the standard particle model.
What’s the (Dark) Matter?
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At low energies the Higgs gets a vacuum expectation value, and acts like a mass term, converting the left-handed fermion into a right-handed fermion, which is what you want.
Dark Matter and Fifth Forces
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The phase here is between a heavy fermion and light fermions in an anti-ferromagnetic state.
Searching for Life in the Multiverse | Universe Today
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Cooling atoms to ultra-low temperatures reveals the striking differences between fermions and bosons at the quantum level.
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It is shown that for all the angular momentum states the fermion's radial wave functions have the physically reasonable asymptotic behavior at the origin.
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The Florence team showed that the non-interacting fermions cannot support a DC current, which is what is expected given their special collisional properties and leads to a pinning of the atoms to their local displaced position.
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For example, the earliest version of the theory could only accommodate bosons, whereas many hadrons - including the proton and neutron - are fermions.
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In supersymmetric theories all bosons have a fermionic superpartner and vice versa.
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Every chiral fermion in the Standard Model has a scalar superpartner; collectively these scalars are referred to as the sfermions, which divide like quarks and leptons into squarks and sleptons.
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The effective masses of the electrons are therefore increased - by a few percent in simple metals and by factors of up to 1000 in ‘heavy fermion ‘systems - but the quasiparticles still carry the same charge and spin as free electrons.’
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The paper laid the basis for describing one of the two categories of the elementary particles that make up an atom - one was boson, and the other came to be known as fermion, after the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.
IBN Top Headlines
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If anyone with expertise wants to post a comment clarifying this fermion matter and exposing me for the density-dysfunctional thickhead that I am, please do so.
Walter Kohn and Density-Functional Theory
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But physicists have since extended their work to create Fermi gases made from atoms that are fermions - particles with half-integer spin.
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In addition to electrons, the Pauli exclusion principle applies to all sub-atomic particles with half-integral spins, known as fermions, such as neutrons and protons.
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Presented here is an SU(7) GUT model with a stable proton which can accommodate three generations of known fermions and low mass monopoles.
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The problem was that the atoms did not behave as they should according to the theory of quantum physics", tells Jan W. Thomsen and explains, that atoms have two fundamental states - they either rotate a complete revolution around themselves and are then called bosons or they rotate half-integers (½ or 1½) around themselves and are then called fermions.
Undefined
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He talked about the various unresolved problems of the Standard Model, and the hypothetical theory called supersymmetry, which connects particles of matter, called fermions, with particles that carry forces, called bosons.
NYT > Home Page
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When supersymmetry is broken, the fermions and bosons don't exactly match any more, the cancellation doesn't occur any more.
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His discovery ignited research into the physics of ‘heavy fermion ‘metals, which are a class of alloys that usually involve cerium or uranium.’
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For example, the earliest version of the theory could only accommodate bosons, whereas many hadrons - including the proton and neutron - are fermions.
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What happens next in these so-called quantum-degenerate gases depends on whether the atoms are bosons or fermions.
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In little-Higgs theories this symmetry, the analogue of symmetry between bosons and fermions in supersymmetric theories, is a so-called nonlinearly realized symmetry.
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They have bosons and fermions, for example, and gauge theories that are similar to those in the Standard Model.
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When fermions are added to make superstrings, the mathematics becomes more complicated but the structures and symmetries become more rich.
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The application of the simplified Fermionic integrals reveals that the carrier concentration varies with temperature change.
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The photon, a boson, has a fermion partner called the photino.
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The behaviour of a gas at temperatures close to absolute zero depends on whether the atoms in the gas are fermions or bosons.
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The book leads the reader to many of the latest developments in science such as the path-breaking creation of the sixth state of matter, fermionic condensate, by physicist Deborah S. Jin.
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In that language there is no fermion propagator and no Higgs insertion - the effect of the Higgs has been summed into our definition of the massive fermion.
Dark Matter and Fifth Forces
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The existence of the superpartner to the Higgs and the fermion field at about the same mass scale results in the cancellation of these divergences.
First Collisions for the LHC | Universe Today
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In 1971, Pierre Ramond of the University of Florida derived a string theory for fermions by discovering an early form of a new symmetry called supersymmetry, which connects bosons and fermions.
Euclid’s Window
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Also, one assumes the duality accounts for the discrete spectrum of possible fermion rest masses (perhaps corresponding to a discrete spectrum of possible closed black hole assemblies?)
Science and Unobservable Things
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What happens next in these so-called quantum-degenerate gases depends on whether the atoms are bosons or fermions.